Del Nido vs. Cold Blood Cardioplegia for High-Risk Isolated Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting in Patients with Reduced Ventricular Function

ABSTRACT Introduction: The evidence for using del Nido cardioplegia protocol in high-risk patients with reduced ejection fraction undergoing isolated coronary surgery is insufficient. Methods: The institutional database was searched for isolated coronary bypass procedures. Patients with ejection fraction < 40% were selected. Propensity matching (age, sex, infarction, number of grafts) was used to pair del Nido (Group 1) and cold blood (Group 2) cardioplegia patients. Investigation of biomarker release, changes in ejection fraction, mortality, stroke, perioperative myocardial infarction, composite endpoint (major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events), and other perioperative parameters was performed. Results: Matching allowed the selection of 45 patient pairs. No differences were noted at baseline. After cross-clamp release, spontaneous sinus rhythm return was observed more frequently in Group 1 (80% vs. 48.9%; P=0.003). Troponin values were similar in both groups 12 and 36 hours after surgery, as well as creatine kinase at 12 hours. A trend favored Group 1 in creatine kinase release at 36 hours (median 4.9; interquartile range 3.8-9.6 ng/mL vs. 7.3; 4.5-17.5 ng/mL; P=0.085). Perioperative mortality, rates of myocardial infarction, stroke, or major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events were similar. No difference in postoperative ejection fraction was noted (median 35.0%; interquartile range 32.0-38.0% vs. 35.0%; 32.0-40.0%; P=0.381). There was a trend for lower atrial fibrillation rate in Group 1 (6.7% vs. 17.8%; P=0.051). Conclusion: The findings indicate that del Nido cardioplegia provides satisfactory protection in patients with reduced ejection fraction undergoing coronary bypass surgery. Further prospective trials are required.

Factors associated with increased lactate levels in cardiac surgeries: scoping review / Factores relacionados a la elevación del nivel de lactato en cirugías cardíacas: revisión de ámbito / Fatores associados à elevação do nível de lactato em cirurgias cardíacas: revisão de escopo

ABSTRACT Objectives: to map the factors associated with increased lactate levels in the postoperative period of cardiac surgery using extracorporeal circulation. Methods: this is a scoping review carried out in December 2022, across ten data sources. It was prepared in accordance with the recommendations of the Joanna Briggs Institute and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews checklist. Results: the most recurrent findings in studies regarding the factors responsible for the increase in lactate were: tissue hypoperfusion, cardiopulmonary bypass time and use of vasoactive drugs. In 95% of studies, increased lactate was related to increased patient mortality. Conclusions: discussing the causes of possible complications in cardiac surgery patients is important for preparing the team and preventing complications, in addition to ensuring quality recovery.

RESUMEN Objetivos: mapear los factores relacionados a la elevación del nivel de lactato en el posoperatorio de cirugía cardíaca con uso de circulación extracorporea. Métodos: se trata de una revisión de ámbito realizada en diciembre de 2022, en diez fuentes de datos. Fue elaborada conforme las recomendaciones del Instituto Joanna Briggs y del checklist Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews. Resultados: los hallados más recurrentes en los estudios sobre los factores responsables por el aumento del lactato fueron: hipoperfusión tisular, tiempo de circulación extracorporea y uso de fármacos vasoactivos. En 95% de los estudios, el aumento del lactato se relacionó al aumento de la mortalidad de los pacientes. Conclusiones: discutir sobre las causas de posibles complicaciones en pacientes de cirugía cardíaca se hace importante para el preparo del equipo y prevención de intercurrencias, además garantizar recuperación de calidad.

RESUMO Objetivos: mapear os fatores associados à elevação do nível de lactato no pós-operatório de cirurgia cardíaca com uso de circulação extracorpórea. Métodos: trata-se de uma revisão de escopo realizada em dezembro de 2022, em dez fontes de dados. Foi elaborada conforme as recomendações do Instituto Joanna Briggs e do checklist Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews. Resultados: os achados mais recorrentes nos estudos a respeito dos fatores responsáveis pelo aumento do lactato foram: hipoperfusão tecidual, tempo de circulação extracorpórea e uso de fármacos vasoativos. Em 95% dos estudos, o aumento do lactato relacionou-se ao aumento da mortalidade dos pacientes. Conclusões: discutir sobre as causas de possíveis complicações em pacientes de cirurgia cardíaca faz-se importante para o preparo da equipe e prevenção de intercorrências, além de garantir recuperação de qualidade.

Cirugía de revascularización miocárdica: comparación de supervivencia a 10 años de la cirugía coronaria con y sin circulación extracorpórea mediante Propensity Score Matching / Ten-year survival after off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting compared with traditional bypass grafting

BACKGROUND: Long-term outcomes of Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (OPCAB) as an alternative to the traditional Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG) technique with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) are not well defined. AIM: To compare 10-year survival of isolated OPCAB versus CABG with CPB. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Analysis of information obtained from databases, clinical records and surgical protocols of patients treated with isolated CABG between January 2006 and November 2008 at a Regional Hospital. Of 658 isolated CABG, 192 (29.2%) were OPCAB and 466 (79.9%) CPB. Propensity Score Matching (PSM) was performed to compare both groups. After PSM, two groups of 192 cases were obtained. Mortality data was obtained from the Chilean public identification service. Ten-year survival was calculated and compared with Kaplan-Meier and log-rank methods. RESULTS: Follow-up data was obtained in all cases. No statistically significant differences were found when comparing 10-year survival between OPCAB versus CPB (78.6% and 80.2% respectively, p 0.720). There was also no statistical difference in cardiovascular death free survival (90.1% with CPB versus 89.1% OPCAB, p 0.737). Survival was comparable when analyzing subgroups with diabetes mellitus, left ventricular dysfunction or chronic kidney disease, among others. CONCLUSIONS: In our series, OPBAB has a comparable 10-year survival with CABG with CPB.

A Case of Antiphospholipid Syndrome Underwent Cardiac Surgery Performed Using Coagulation Management by Measuring Heparin Concentration during Extracorporeal Circulation / 日本心臓血管外科学会雑誌

A 72-year-old female was diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus and antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) in 2014 and was followed up. Severe mitral regurgitation coexisted with APS, but the case was nonsymptomatic, and surgery involved high risk. Therefore, the physicians continued their observation. In 2020, the patient experienced rheumatic severe mitral stenosis and shortness of breath on exertion. Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation and coronary stenosis were also detected. Therefore, we planned mitral valve replacement, tricuspid annuloplasty, coronary artery bypass, pulmonary vein isolation and left atrial appendage closure. During extracorporeal circulation (ECC), we performed coagulation management based on blood heparin concentration using HMS PLUS. Because the APS patient showed prolonged activated clotting time (ACT), and coagulation therapy based on ACT is unreliable. She was discharged from our hospital on postoperative day 23. No complications, including bleeding and thrombosis, were observed 2 years after the operation. We experienced a case of APS who underwent cardiac surgery and performed coagulation management by measuring heparin concentration during ECC. We targeted a 3.5 U/ml heparin concentration, and her clinical course was uneventful.

Redo Total Aortic Arch Replacement in Patients with Aortic Dissection After Open-Heart Surgery and Long-Term Follow-Up Results

ABSTRACT Introduction: The objectives of this study were to investigate the main treatment strategies and long-term follow-up results of aortic dissection surgery after open-heart surgery (ADSOHS) and to analyze the risk factors that cause ADSOHS. Methods: One hundred thirty-seven patients with ADSOHS hospitalized in our hospital from January 2009 to December 2018 were selected as the research object. Long-term follow-up results, complications, mortality, and changes of cardiac function before and after operation were used to explore the value of Sun's operation. Results: The length of stay in intensive care unit of these 137 patients ranged from 9.5 to 623.75 hours (average of 76.41±97.29 hours), auxiliary ventilation time ranged from 6.0 to 259.83 hours (average of 46.16±55.59 hours), and hospital stay ranged from six to 85 days (average of 25.06±13.04 days). There were seven cases of postoperative low cardiac output, 18 cases of coma and stroke, and six cases of transient neurological dysfunction. A total of 33 patients died; 19 patients died during the perioperative period, 18 died during Sun's operation and one died during other operation; and 14 patients died during follow-up (January 2021), 12 cases of Sun's operation and two cases of other operations. Conclusion: ADSOHS treatment strategy is of high application value, and the risk of neurological complications and mortality is low. The main risk factors are postoperative low cardiac output, coma, stroke, and transient neurological dysfunction. The extracorporeal circulation time is relatively long. Short- and long-term follow-up effects are good, and it is worthy of clinical promotion.

Medicine+information: Exploring patent applications in precision therapy in cardiac surgery / 中国胸心血管外科临床杂志

@#Currently, in precision cardiac surgery, there are still some pressing issues that need to be addressed. For example, cardiopulmonary bypass remains a critical factor in precise surgical treatment, and many core aspects still rely on the experience and subjective judgment of cardiopulmonary bypass specialists and surgeons, lacking precise data feedback. With the increasing elderly population and rising surgical complexity, precise feedback during cardiopulmonary bypass becomes crucial for improving surgical success rates and facilitating high-complexity procedures. Overcoming these key challenges requires not only a solid medical background but also close collaboration among multiple interdisciplinary fields. Establishing a multidisciplinary team encompassing professionals from the medical, information, software, and related industries can provide high-quality solutions to these challenges. This article shows several patents from a collaborative medical and electronic information team, illustrating how to identify unresolved technical issues and find corresponding solutions in the field of precision cardiac surgery while sharing experiences in applying for invention patents.

Protective effect of luteolin on acute lung injury induced by extracorporeal circulation and its mechanism / 中国胸心血管外科临床杂志

@#Objective    To investigate the protective effect of atomized inhalation of nano-luteolin preparation on acute lung injury caused by extracorporeal circulation, and to explore the anti-inflammatory mechanism of luteolin, so as to provide study basis for clinical application. Methods    Thirty male SD rats aged 5-6 weeks and weighting 160-190 g, were randomly divided into a preoperative baseline (BL) group, arteriovenous partial diversion (ECC) group, luteolin atomization pretreatment for 1 h group, 2 h group, and 3 h group by random number method, with 6 rats in each group. In the BL group, lung tissue samples were collected directly without any treatment. The ECC group received mechanical ventilation, and the whole body was heparinized after the jugular arteriovenous intubation. The flow was transferred for 30 minutes, followed by observation for 60 minutes, then lung tissue samples were collected. Subjects in the 1 h, 2 h and 3 h groups were placed in a small animal atomizer 1 h, 2 h and 3 h before flow transfer respectively, and the subsequent operation was the same as that in the ECC group. The inflammatory level of lung tissue was detected to evaluate the degree of pathological injury of lung tissue. Western blotting (WB) was used to detect the contents of p65, IKKα, IKKβ and IKKγ in the cytoplasm of lung tissue samples of each group. Results    Compared with the ECC group, the levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in lung tissues and the degree of pathological injury in the 1 h, 2 h and 3 h groups decreased, and the difference between the 3 h group and the ECC group was statistically different (P<0.05). WB results showed that compared with the ECC group, the levels of p65 in lung tissue of the 1 h, 2 h and 3 h groups decreased; the levels of IKKβ in the lung tissue increased in the 1 h, 2 h and 3 h groups, and the difference of the 3 h group was statistically different from the ECC group (P<0.05). Conclusion    Luteolin has a protective effect on acute lung injury induced by ECC, and atomization 3 h in advance has the best protective effect on lung. The mechanism plays a protective role in ECC-induced acute lung injury, may be through inhibition of IKKβ phosphorylation, thereby inhibiting the classical NF-κB signaling pathway.

Role of caspase-3 in aggravation of oxidative stress injury in stored red blood cells by CPB: cell experiment / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective:To evaluate the role of caspase-3 in aggravation of the oxidative stress injury in stored red blood cells (sRBCs) by cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB).Methods:Eight patients with type O blood undergoing valve replacement with CPB were selected, blood samples 7 ml were collected through the central venous catheter before CPB, blood samples 20 ml were collected at 2 h after CPB, and the plasma before and after CPB was obtained after centrifugation. Eight samples of sRBCs 14 ml of blood type O stored for 7-14 days were collected and each sample was divided into A, B, C and D groups with 3.5 ml in each group. Normal saline 30 μl was added to group A and group B, 10% dimethyl sulfoxide 30 μl was added to group C, and 3.5 mmol/L Z-DEVD-fmk solution 30 μl was added to group D. The sRBCs were pretreated in a 37 ℃ water bath for 2 h in the four groups. Then group A was incubated with plasma before CPB, group B, C and D were incubated with plasma at 2 h of CPB, and four groups were incubated for 48 h in a thermostatic oscillator at 37 ℃ and 80 rpm. At 2, 24 and 48 h of incubation, the activity of caspase-3 and concentration of ATP were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, the concentrations of glutathione (GSH) and free hemoglobin (FHb) were measured by colorimetry, and the exposure rate of cell membrane phosphatidylserine (PS) was detected by flow cytometry.Results:With the prolongation of incubation time, the activity of caspase-3, exposure rate of PS at cell membrane and concentration of FHb were gradually increased, and the concentrations of ATP and GSH were gradually decreased in the four groups ( P<0.05). Compared with group A, the activity of caspase-3 was significantly increased at each time point of incubation in group B and group C, the activity of caspase-3 was increased at 24 and 48 h of incubation in group D, and the concentration of ATP was decreased at 24 and 48 h of incubation, and the concentration of GSH was decreased and the concentration of FHb was increased at each time point of incubation in group B, group C and group D ( P<0.05). Compared with group B and group C, the activity of caspase-3 was significantly decreased, the concentrations of ATP and GSH were increased, and the exposure rate of PS at cell membrane and concentration of FHb were decreased at 24 and 48 h of incubation in group D ( P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the parameters mentioned above between group B and group C ( P>0.05). Conclusions:Caspase-3 is involved in aggravation of oxidative stress injury in sRBCs by CPB.

Intervención de enfermería durante la circulación extracorpórea en cirugía cardiovascular / Nursing intervention during extracorporeal circulation in cardiovascular surgery

Introducción: Una intervención de enfermería durante la circulación extracorpórea en cirugía cardiovascular puede reducir la aparición de complicaciones, la estadía en unidad de cuidados intensivos, hospitalaria y la mortalidad. Se ofrecen cuidados articulando los dominios de atención a personas en estado crítico establecidos por Patricia Benner, el Proceso de Atención de Enfermería y las taxonomías. Objetivo: Exponer el desarrollo de una intervención de enfermería durante la circulación extracorpórea. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio experimental, que incluyó 159 personas, distribuidas en dos grupos, que acudieron al Servicio de Cardiología, del Centro de Investigaciones Médico Quirúrgicas desde enero de 2018 hasta enero de 2021. Los grupos fueron escogidos mediante la aleatorización simple (1:1). El primero se conformó por 79 personas, abordadas con el procedimiento convencional; y el segundo, por 80, atendidas con la intervención de enfermería diseñada por el equipo de investigación. Se compararon y expresaron los resultados en números absolutos, porcentajes y media. Resultados: Predominaron los hombres (79,7 por ciento). La edad media fue 60 años. En el grupo al que se le aplicó la intervención de enfermería se redujeron la aparición de complicaciones, la estadía en Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos, hospitalaria, y la mortalidad (p = 0,04). Conclusiones: La implementación de la Intervención de Enfermería por el enfermero perfusionista ayudó a mejorar las respuestas humanas de esas personas. Los resultados finales obtenidos mostraron su validez, al evidenciar la disminución en la aparición de complicaciones y, por ende, la reducción de la estadía en UCI, hospitalaria y la mortalidad(AU)

Introduction: A nursing intervention during extracorporeal circulation in cardiovascular surgery can reduce the occurrence of complications, the stay in intensive care units, in hospitals, and mortality. Care is offered by articulating the domains of care for people in critical condition established by Patricia Benner, the Nursing Care Process and taxonomies. Objective: To present the development of a nursing intervention during extracorporeal circulation. Methods: An experimental study was conducted, which included 159 people, divided into two groups, who attended the Cardiology Service of the Center for Medical and Surgical Research from January 2018 to January 2021. Groups were chosen using simple randomization (1:1). The first group was made up of 79 people, approached with the conventional procedure; and the second, by 80 people, attended with the nursing intervention designed by the research team. The results were compared and expressed in absolute numbers, percentages and mean. Results: Men predominated (79.7 percent). The median age was 60 years. In the group to which the nursing intervention was applied, the occurrence of complications, the stay in Intensive Care Units, in hospitals, and mortality were reduced (p = 0.04). Conclusions: The implementation of the Nursing Intervention by the perfusionist nurse helped to improve the human responses of these people. The final results obtained showed their validity, as they showed the decrease in the onset of complications and, therefore, the reduction of ICU and hospital stay and mortality(AU)

Factores clínicos y ecocardiográficos asociados al bajo gasto cardíaco posoperatorio en pacientes con tratamiento quirúrgico cardiovascular / Clinical and echocardiographic factors associated with the postoperative low cardiac output in patients with cardiovascular surgical treatment i: en

Introducción: Entre las diferentes complicaciones que surgen en el periodo posoperatorio inmediato, el bajo gasto cardíaco presenta mayor morbilidad y mortalidad asociadas, con una incidencia de hasta 45,0 %. Objetivo: Determinar los factores relacionados con la aparición posoperatoria del bajo gasto cardíaco en pacientes con tratamiento quirúrgico cardiovascular y circulación extracorpórea, según variables demográficas, clínicas y ecocardiográficas. Métodos: Se realizó una investigación analítica, de casos y controles, la cual incluyó a pacientes que recibieron tratamiento quirúrgico cardíaco en el Servicio de Cardiología y Cirugía Cardiovascular del Hospital Provincial Clinicoquirúrgico Docente Saturnino Lora de Santiago de Cuba, desde enero hasta diciembre de 2019. Cada grupo de estudio estuvo conformado por 43 integrantes, para lo cual se consideró la presencia del síndrome de bajo gasto cardíaco (casos) o no (controles). Resultados: En la serie predominaron los pacientes menores de 65 años de edad en ambos grupos de estudio (51,2 y 73,5 % para casos y controles, respectivamente), así como el sexo masculino (60,9 %); de igual modo, resultó más frecuente la intervención quirúrgica de emergencia (80,2 %). La fibrilación auricular y la función sistólica del ventrículo derecho presentaron alta significación estadística (p<0,05). Conclusiones: Algunos elementos clínicos y ecocardiográficos (edad, fibrilación auricular, función sistólica de los ventrículos izquierdo y derecho, así como intervención quirúrgica de emergencia) se asociaron de manera independiente a la aparición del bajo gasto cardíaco.

Introduction: Among the different complications that arise in the immediate postoperative period, the low cardiac output presents higher associated morbidity and mortality, with an incidence of up to 45.0 %. Objective: To determine the factors related to the postoperative emergence of the low cardiac output in patients with cardiovascular surgical treatment and extracorporeal circulation, according to demographic, clinical and echocardiographic variables. Methods: An analytic, cases and controls investigation was carried out, which included patients that received heart surgical treatment in the Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery Service of Saturnino Lora Teaching Clinical Surgical Provincial Hospital in Santiago de Cuba, from January to December, 2019. Each study group was conformed by 43 members, for which was considered the presence (cases) or not (controls) of the low cardiac output syndrome. Results: In the series there was a prevalence of the patients under 65 years in both study groups (51.2 and 73.5 % for cases and controls, respectively), as well as the male sex (60.9 %); in a same way, the emergency surgical intervention was the most frequent (80.2 %). The atrial fibrillation and the systolic function of the right ventricle presented high statistical significance (p <0.05). Conclusions: Some clinical and echocardiographic elements (age, atrial fibrillation, systolic function of the left and right ventricles, as well as emergency surgical intervention) were associated in an independent way with the emergence of the low cardiac output.

Remoción extracorpórea de CO2 en un paciente con estatus asmático que evoluciona con barotrauma / Extracorporeal CO2 Removal in a Patient with Status Asthmaticus who Evolved with Barotrauma

RESUMEN Paciente varón de 20 años, con diagnóstico de asma conocida, llegó al departamento de emergencias de un hospital de su localidad con historia de disnea 1 d antes de la admisión. Posteriormente, se torna taquicárdico, taquipneico y cianótico, por lo que fue intubado de emergencia. En la UCI del hospital general de tercer nivel, presentó bron coespasmo grave, presiones de vía aérea elevadas durante la ventilación mecánica e hipoperfusión grave. Recibió cristaloides y norepinefrina como resucitación. Al tercer día, presentó enfisema subcutáneo, neumotórax e hipercapnia con acidosis mixta. Se decidió utilizar ventilación mecánica ultraprotectora asociada con Novalung®. Con esta estrategia, logramos reducir las presiones de la vía aérea, la PEEPi, la potencia mecánica (PM) resistiva y mejorar la hipercapnia y la acidosis. El paciente permaneció 10 d en Novalung® y mostró buena evolución posterior. Finalmente, es extubado, dado de alta de la UCI y salió del hospital en buenas condiciones.

ABSTRACT A 20-year-old male with known asthma arrived at the emergency department in the first hospital with story of shortness of breath 1 day before admission. He suddenly became tachycardic, tachypneic and cyanotic, for which he was intubated. In the tertiary care general hospital ICU, he showed severe bronchospasm, high airway pressures during mechanical ventilation (MV) and severe hypoperfusion. He received crystalloids and norepinephrine. On the third day, he developed subcutaneous emphysema, pneumo thorax and hypercapnia with mixed acidosis. We decided to use ultra-protective me chanical ventilation concomitant with Novalung®. With this strategy, we could reduce airway pressures, PEEPi, resistive mechanical power and improve hypercapnia and acidosis. The patient stayed for 10 days in Novalung® and showed good evolution. He was later extubated and discharged of ICU, leaving the hospital in good conditions.

Caracterización epidemiológica y clínica de los pacientes intervenidos en una cirugía de revascularización miocárdica / Epidemiological and clinical characterization of patients undergoing myocardial revascularization surgery

Resumen Introducción: La cardiopatía isquémica es un problema de salud pública y puede tratarse por medio de la revascularización miocárdica. Objetivo: Estructurar el primer perfil epidemiológico y clínico de los pacientes intervenidos en Tolima. Materiales y método: Es un estudio de corte transversal, de 183 pacientes mayores de 18 años programados para revascularización miocárdica entre septiembre de 2018 y septiembre de 2019. Se eligieron variables clínicas y demográficas. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo, un análisis bivariado para mortalidad y circulación extracorpórea, y una regresión logística para la mortalidad intrahospitalaria. Resultados: La edad media de los pacientes fue de 66.7 años y un 68.85% correspondió a la población femenina. Se presentó HA en 80.33%, tabaquismo en 49.18%, dislipidemia en 44.81% y DM en 40.98%. Se registró mayor proporción de complicaciones en los pacientes intervenidos sin CEC, como complicaciones pulmonares, FA de novo y una estancia intrahospitalaria y posoperatoria mayor. Los pacientes que fallecieron tuvieron mayor proporción de complicaciones, mayor estancia hospitalaria, mayor cantidad de reintervenciones y tiempo de ventilación mecánica. El modelo de regresión reveló una relación con mortalidad para los pacientes que tuvieron requerimiento de diálisis (OR = 8.7) complicaciones pulmonares (OR = 10.5) y desarrollo de FA de novo (OR = 11.3). Conclusiones: Este estudio caracteriza a la población para generar marcos de referencia en un grupo poco estudiado como el tolimense. De modo adicional, se presentaron mejores desenlaces en los pacientes llevados a revascularización miocárdica con circulación extracorpórea, y unas relaciones claras de mortalidad y complicaciones posoperatorias.

Abstract Introduction: The ischemic cardiopathy is a public health issue, that can be treated with a coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Objective: To present the first clinical and epidemiological profile of CABG treated patients in Tolima, Colombia. Materials and method: We conduct a cross sectional study, including 183 patients driven to a CABG procedure, between September 2018-2019. We chose clinical and demographic variables. And posteriorly, performed a descriptive and bivariate analysis, including mortality and extracorporeal circulation. Besides, we completed a logistic regression for intrahospital mortality. Results: The average age of our patients was 66,7 years, and 68.85% were female. They presented in an 80.33% arterial hypertension, smoked an 49.18%, had dyslipidemia and diabetes 44.81% and 40.95% respectively. There were more complications in patients who were drove into on pump CABG, primarily pulmonary complications, atrial fibrillation, mayor intrahospital and post-operatory stay. The patients who died, present more complications, intrahospital stay, reinterventions and mechanic ventilation time. Our regression model evidenced mortality association with post-operatory dialysis (OR = 8.7), pulmonary complications (OR = 10.5) and new atrial fibrillation (OR = 11.3). Conclusions: This study aim to characterize the Tolima's population, creating a reference in this less studied population. On the other side, the study discuss the better outcomes in patients taken to myocardial bypass with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. And the association between dead and certain postoperative complications.

Traumatismo de grandes vasos del tórax: tratamiento quirúrgico con soporte de circulación extracorpórea / Injury of the great vessels of the chest: surgical treatment with cardiopulmonary bypass support: clinical cases

Resumen Objetivo: Presentar dos casos en que se empleó como soporte la circulación extracorpórea (CEC) durante cirugía por traumatismo torácico con lesión de grandes vasos del tórax (TTLGV). Materiales y Método: Se presentan dos casos con TTLGV en que se empleó cirugía con CEC. Resultados: Caso 1; hombre de 31 años con TTLGV por cuerpo extraño (tubo pleural) intracavitario del tronco de la arteria pulmonar izquierda, con entrada a través de parénquima pulmonar, en que se realizó cirugía abierta para retiro de cuerpo extraño más toractotomía pulmonar utilizando CEC como soporte. Caso 2; hombre de 21 años con TTLGV contuso y lesión de aorta en unión sino tubular, en que se realizó cirugía abierta y reemplazo de aorta ascendente con prótesis y uso CEC como soporte. Discusión: El uso de CEC como soporte es una alternativa para sustituir la función cardíaca y/o pulmonar durante cirugías excepcionales de reparación de TTLGV. Conclusión: El uso de técnicas de asistencia circulatoria como soporte durante la cirugía de reparación de TTLGV ocurre en casos muy seleccionados, siendo una alternativa ante lesiones particularmente complejas.

Aim: To present two cases of thoracic trauma with great vessel injury (TTGVI) surgeries where extracorporeal circulation (ECC) was employed. Materials and Method: Two TTGVI cases are presented and ECC during surgery was used in both. Results: Case 1; 31-year-old man with TTGVI due to an intracavitary foreign body (pleural tube) in the left pulmonary artery trunk, which entered through lung parenchyma. An open surgery was performed to remove the foreign body with pulmonary tractotomy using ECC as support. Case 2; 21-year-old man with blunt TTGVI and aortic injury at sinotubular junction. An open surgery with ascending aorta prosthesis replacement was performed, using ECC as support. Discussion: The use of ECC as support is an alternative to replace cardiac and/or pulmonary function during exceptional TTGVI reparation surgeries. Conclusión: The use of circulation assist techniques as support during TTGVI repair surgery occurs in highly selected cases, being an alternative to face very complex injuries.

Dialysis-related thrombocytopenia: a case report / Plaquetopenia relacionada à hemodiálise: relato de caso

Abstract Thrombocytopenia is frequently observed in hemodialysis patients, and its correct investigation and control remain a challenge. It is estimated that during the hemodialysis session there is a drop of up to 15% in the platelet count, with recovery after the end of treatment. This reduction in platelets is due to platelet adhesion and complement activation, regardless of the membrane material. Several studies with platelet surface markers demonstrate increased platelet activation and aggregation secondary to exposure to cardiopulmonary bypass. This case report describes a patient on hemodialysis who developed severe thrombocytopenia during hospitalization. Investigation and exclusion of the most common causes were carried out: heparin-related thrombocytopenia, adverse drug reaction, hypersplenism, and hematological diseases. Afterwards, the possibility of hemodialysis-related thrombocytopenia was raised, since the fall was accentuated during the sessions with partial recovery after the dialyzer change. Attention to the sterilization method and dialyzer reuse must be considered for correction. In the current case, reusing the dialyzer minimized the drop in platelet counts associated with hemodialysis.

Resumo Plaquetopenia é frequentemente observada em pacientes em hemodiálise, e sua correta investigação e controle permanecem um desafio. Estima-se que, durante a sessão de hemodiálise, ocorra queda de até 15% da contagem de plaquetas, com recuperação após o término do tratamento. Essa queda de plaquetas é decorrente de adesão plaquetária e ativação do complemento, independentemente do material da membrana. Vários estudos com marcadores de superfície plaquetária demonstram aumento da ativação e agregação plaquetária secundários à exposição à circulação extracorpórea. Este relato de caso mostra um paciente dialítico que evoluiu com plaquetopenia severa durante internação. Realizada investigação e exclusão de causas mais comuns: plaquetopenia relacionada à heparina, reação adversa a medicamentos, hiperesplenismo e doenças hematológicas, foi então aventada a possibilidade de plaquetopenia relacionada à hemodiálise após observação de que a queda se acentuava durante as sessões de hemodiálise com recuperação parcial após. Mudança do dialisador, atenção ao método de esterilização e realização do reuso devem ser consideradas para correção. No presente caso, a utilização do reuso minimizou a plaquetopenia associada a hemodiálise.

Clinical application of autologous platelet separation in different time courses of cardiovascular surgery / 中国医师杂志

Objective:To investigate the clinical significance of autologous platelet separation (APS) in different time courses of cardiovascular surgery.Methods:The relevant data of 75 patients with cardiovascular surgery from September 2019 to August 2021 in Hunan Provincial Peoples′ Hospital were collected retrospectively. They were divided into two groups according to whether APS was used during the operation: group A used APS (37 cases) and group B did not use APS (38 cases). The two groups were divided into subgroups according to the length of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB): A1 and B1 were medium and short-term groups (CPB bypass time ≤200 min), and A2 and B2 were long-term groups (CPB bypass time >200 min). Blood routine, postoperative drainage volume, postoperative blood product infusion volume and thromboelastogram at different time points were recorded and compared.Results:The postoperative drainage volume, red blood cell infusion volume and ventilator assisted time in group A were less than those in group B (all P<0.05); The postoperative drainage volume [(645.79±205.25)ml vs (886.67±360.96)ml, P=0.006], erythrocyte infusion volume [(3.24±2.53)U vs (4.77±1.97)U, P=0.016], platelet infusion volume [0.00(0.00, 0.00)U vs 1.00(0.125, 2.00)U, P=0.002] and thromboelastogram coagulation reaction time [(7.38±1.74)min vs (9.09±3.57)min, P=0.047] in group A2 were significantly better than those in group B2 (all P<0.05); There were no significant difference in the above indexes between A1 and B1 group (all P>0.05). Conclusions:APS can improve the coagulation function of patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass and reduce the amount of bleeding and blood products. Its protective effect is more prominent in high-risk cardiovascular surgery with long cardiopulmonary bypass and complex operation.

Optimized arterial perfusion strategy in total arch replacement for acute type A aortic dissection with malperfusion syndrome / 中国胸心血管外科临床杂志

@#Objective    To investigate the effect of optimized arterial perfusion strategy on total arch replacement for acute type A aortic dissection (AAAD) with malperfusion syndrome (MPS). Methods    From 2017 to 2019, 51 patients with AAAD and MPS who had received total arch replacement with optimized arterial perfusion strategy in our hospital were included in the optimized perfusion group, including 40 males and 11 females, with an average age of 47.43±13.39 years. A total of 40 patients with AAAD and MPS who had been treated with traditional Sun's surgery were taken as the traditional control group, including 31 males and 9 females, with an average age of 50.66±12.05 years. The perioperative clinical data of the two groups were compared. Results    The preoperative baseline data of the two groups were basically consistent (P>0.05). The comparison of operative data between the optimized perfusion group and the traditional control group showed that in the optimized perfusion group, the extracorporeal circulation time, aortic occlusion time, and circulation-out cerebral perfusion time were significantly less than those in the traditional control group (223.64±65.13 min  vs. 266.77±87.04 min, 114.48±27.28 min vs. 138.20±39.89 min, 8.28±3.81 min vs. 50.53±23.60 min, all P≤0.05). The lowest intraoperative nasopharyngeal temperature in the optimized perfusion group was significantly higher than that in the traditional control group (27.10±1.18℃ vs. 23.6±3.30℃, P=0.000). Postoperative wakefulness time of the optimized perfusion group was earlier than that of the traditional control group (4.50±1.35 h vs. 5.27±1.15 h, P=0.019). The volume of blood transfusions in the optimized perfusion group was significantly less than that in the traditional control group (13.25±9.06 U vs. 16.95±7.53 U, P=0.046). There was no significant difference in ICU time and invasive ventilation time between the two groups (P>0.05). Postoperative complications of the two groups showed that the incidence of postoperative continuous renal replacement therapy in the optimized perfusion group was significantly lower than that in the traditional control group, with a statistically significant difference (21.6% vs. 42.5% P=0.003). The incidence of postoperative delirium, coma, low cardiac row syndrome and limb ischemia in the optimized perfusion group was lower than that in the traditional control group, but the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). The incidence of postoperative hemiplegia, sepsis, and secondary thoracotomy in the optimized perfusion group was higher than that in the traditional control group, and the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). Postoperative mortality in the optimized perfusion group was significantly lower than that in the traditional control group (13.7% vs. 27.5%), but the difference was not statistically significant (P=0.102). Conclusion    Optimized arterial perfusion strategy and its related comprehensive surgical technique reduce surgical trauma, shorten the operation time, reduce perioperative consumption of blood products. Postoperative wakefulness is rapid and the incidence of complications of nervous system, kidney and limb ischemia is low. Optimized arterial perfusion strategy is suitable for operation of AAAD with MPS by inhibiting the related potential death risk factors to reduce operation mortality.

Design and Experimental Research of Portable Extracorporeal Circulation Pipeline Performance Testing System / 中国医疗器械杂志

Aiming at the current situation of performance testing of hemodialysis extracorporeal circulation tubing, which has slow efficiency, inaccurate measurement, and inconvenient testing, a portable detection system for testing the performance of hemodialysis extracorporeal circulation tubing is designed. The system mainly includes a hardware system and a software system. The hardware system uses STM32F407 single-chip microcomputer as the core to design the driving control of the roller pump; the software system uses the C++ real-time operating system, and the flow detection data is transmitted to the upper computer through RS485 communication and displayed. Experimental showed that the system detects the accuracy and the stability of the flow rate. It has the characteristics of stability and high precision. The relative error of the experimental measurement is within the range of ±10%. The weight of the whole machine is 2 kg, which improves the efficiency by 50% compared with the traditional detection method.

Effects of heart valve replacement under extracorporeal circulation on left ventricular function and regulatory T cells in elderly patients with rheumatic heart disease / 中华老年医学杂志

Objective:To assess the effects of heart valve replacement under extracorporeal circulation(ECC)on left ventricular function and regulatory T cells in elderly patients with rheumatic heart disease(RHD).Methods:113 elderly patients with rheumatic heart disease receiving ECC heart valve replacement at our hospital from September 2018 to September 2020 were selected retrospectively as subjects.Another 113 healthy people from the same period were selected as the control group.Patients in the observation group received ECC heart valve replacement.Left heart function and regulatory T cells were compared between the two groups.Results:Before surgery, the left atrial transverse diameter(LA)of RHD patients was significantly increased compared with the control group[(56.2±9.3)mm vs.(29.4±3.5)mm, t=28.670, P<0.001], and the left ventricular end diastolic diameter(LVDD)[(32.4±7.7)mm vs.(38.4±8.5)mm, t=5.561, P<0.001], left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF)[(58.4±11.5)% vs.(65.6±10.5)%, t=4.915, P<0.001]and cardiac output(CO)[(3.7±2.6)L/min vs.(4.7±1.6)L/min, t=3.482, P<0.001]were significantly decreased compared with the control group.There were no significant changes in left heart function parameter values 10 min and 1 day after surgery(all P>0.05).One month after surgery, the inner diameter of pulmonary artery(PA)[(25.2±3.8)mm vs.(31.2±5.6)mm, t=9.659, P<0.001]and LA[(46.2±7.8)mm vs.(56.2±9.3)mm, t=8.758, P<0.001]were decreased compared with those before surgery, while changes in right ventricular end diastolic inner diameter(RVDD)and left ventricular end diastolic inner diameter(LVDD)were not significant, and there were no significant differences in LVEF, CO and LVFS(all P>0.05).The proportion of CD25 + CD4 + T cells in lymphocytes and the proportion of CD4 + CD25 + Foxp3 + Treg cells in CD4 + T cells in RHD patients before surgery were significantly lower than those in the control group( P<0.01).The proportions decreased 10 min and 1 day after surgery, but increased 3 days after surgery and returned to preoperative levels 7 days after surgery, but were still significantly lower than those in the control group( P<0.05). Conclusions:After ECC heart valve replacement in elderly RHD patients, the left atrium will shrink for a short time and tricuspid regurgitation can recover, with reduced damage of cellular immune function, but its contractile function remains unchanged.

Clinical and Surgical Characteristics of Patients Undergoing Valve Replacement / Características Clínicas e Cirúrgicas de Pacientes Submetidos a Troca Valvar

Abstract Cardiovascular diseases have been the leading the causes of hospital admissions, being one of the main public health problems in Brazil, and one of the forms of treatment is cardiac surgery, being more prevalent in older people who have several other comorbidities associated. This study aimed to describe the clinical and surgical profile of patients undergoing valve replacement. Thus, an ambispective study was carried out with patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit of Instituto Nobre de Cardiologia. An analysis was carried out in the patients' medical records in search of data related to their clinical and surgical profile. During the research period, 55 patients underwent valve replacement, 10 of which were excluded. Thus, 45 patients were evaluated, with 28 (62%) male participants with a mean age of 43 ± 6 years, hypertension and sedentary lifestyle were the most common comorbidities (49% and 56% respectively) and 60% with the Body Mass Index within the normal range. Regarding the surgical characteristics, the extracorporeal circulation time was 211 ± 22 minutes and the Mechanical Ventilation time was 6 ± 2 hours. Based on the findings, it can be characterized that patients undergoing cardiac valve replacement surgery are over 40 years old, male, sedentary, hypertensive. (AU)

Resumo As doenças cardiovasculares têm liderado as causas de internação hospitalar, sendo um dos principais problemas de saúde publica no Brasil, sendo que umas das formas de tratamento é a cirurgia cardíaca, sendo mais prevalente em pessoas com idade mais avançada, e que possuem várias outras comorbidades associadas. O presente estudo teve como objetivo descrever o perfil clínico e cirúrgico de pacientes submetidos à troca valvar. Para isso foi realizado um estudo ambispectivo com os pacientes internados na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva do Instituto Nobre de Cardiologia. Foi feita uma análise no prontuário dos pacientes na busca de dados relacionados ao seu perfil clinico e cirúrgico. Durante o período da pesquisa foram submetidos a troca valvar 55 pacientes sendo que 10 foram excluídos. Desse modo foram avaliados 45 pacientes, com 28 (62%) participantes do sexo masculino com idade média de 43 ± 6 anos, hipertensão e sedentarismo as comorbidades mais encontradas (49% e 56% respectivamente) e 60% com o Índice de Massa Corpórea dentro da normalidade. Em relação às características cirúrgicas o tempo da circulação extracorpórea 211 ± 22 minutos e o tempo de Ventilação Mecânica 6 ± 2 horas. Com base nos achados podese caracterizar que os pacientes submetidos à cirurgia cardíaca de troca de válvulas têm mais de 40 anos, do gênero masculino, sedentários, hipertensos. (AU)

Complex neonatal airway surgery. Case report / Cirugía compleja de la vía aérea en neonato. Reporte de un caso

Abstract Airway-related pathology poses a significant challenge to the pediatric anesthesiologist. This case report involves a 28-day-old neonate diagnosed with congenital tracheal stenosis who underwent a slide tracheoplasty intervention with extracorporeal circulation. The anesthetic management is described, together with our experience in the face of a challenging situation, including adverse events during surgery.

Resumen La patología relacionada con la vía aérea es uno de los grandes retos a los que se enfrenta un anestesiólogo pediátrico. En este reporte de caso se presenta una cirugía realizada en nuestro hospital. Un neonato de 28 días de vida, diagnosticado con estenosis traqueal congénita fue intervenido con traqueoplastia por deslizamiento, bajo soporte con circulación extracorpórea. Se documenta el manejo anestésico, y la experiencia de enfrentar un reto complejo, incluyendo los eventos adversos que ocurrieron durante la cirugía.